The World’s Most Fuel Efficient Car: 285 MPG, Not A Hybrid

VW, 1 liter car, cars, transportation, diesel, concept

[UPDATE 9/15/09]: Volkswagen’s Diesel-Hybrid L1 Concept Gets 170 MPG, Available by 2013

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This is what a team of engineers can do when challenged to push the limits of fuel efficiency and technology. You may have already heard of VW’s 1-liter car, but take a closer look. It’s a sports-economy concept car produced a few years ago by VW engineers, to answer one big question: could they build a car that consumes less than 3 liters of fuel for every 100 km traveled?

It turns out they could, but they didn’t stop there. Instead, VW blew by that goal to create a car that uses only 1 liter of fuel for every 100 km. That’s 285 MPG.

To accomplish such a feat, VW’s engineers had to go back to the drawing board and start from scratch. They knew that fuel efficiency depends on aerodynamics and weight, so they created a bullet-shaped, ultra-lightweight (640 lbs) carbon-fiber car powered by a new, completely redesigned diesel engine. To save more weight, they didn’t even paint it:

Proper aerodynamics were key to the low fuel consumption. VW engineers knew they needed a small frontal area. This led to its unusually narrow, bullet-shaped body where the passenger sits behind the driver. As well, the car features an aircraft-like canopy, enclosed rear wheels, special flat carbon-fibre front wheel covers, and an aerodynamic underpan. Even the side cooling air inlets only open when the engine needs cooling, and otherwise stay closed. . .the 1-Litre-Car has an amazingly low coefficient of drag of 0.16 (a typical car has a drag coefficient of approximately 0.30 ).

Everything in the car was made out of lightweight carbon-fiber or magnesium, gears were hollowed, and bolts were made from titanium. Like the electric Aptera Typ1 that I wrote about earlier, the VW 1L was designed without side mirrors (too much drag), instead relying on internal video screens to guide the driver. And also like the Aptera, safety was of particular concern:

Despite its small size and light weight, Volkswagen says the 1-Litre-Car is as safe as a GT sports car registered for racing. With the aid of computer crash simulations, the car was designed with built-in crash tubes, pressure sensors for airbag control, and front crumple zones. Its aluminum fuel tank is located in a protected area behind the passengers. As well, the 1-Litre-Car includes ABS and ESP (electronic stability program).

The existence of the VW 1-Liter car suggests the possibility of drastically reducing our vehicle fuel consumption without any major advances in technology. You probably won’t ever see the VW 1-Liter on the road, but don’t think something like this will never come to the market. You’ll see Aptera’s electric and plug-in hybrids within the next year, and they look like spaceships too.

Addendum: VW’s 1L car will be released in 2010!

More Posts on Green Car Technology:

Affordable Electric Cars Coming to US in 2009
Mercedes 40-MPG Diesel Hybrid: Cleanest SUV on the Planet
Tesla Motors Sues Fisker Automotive Over Electric Car Design
Aptera’s $26,000 Electric Car and 300 MPG Hybrid Coming Soon
Subaru STI: Is Diesel the Intersection of Power and Fuel Economy?
376.59 MPG Car Found In Museum (It Was Built In 1959)

Source:
CanadianDriver (Jun. 5, 2002): Feature: VW 1-Litre-Car
Volkswagen UK

Photo Credit: Canadian Driver

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92 Responses to “The World’s Most Fuel Efficient Car: 285 MPG, Not A Hybrid”

  1. Bethb Says:

    I so want one of these! Very sexy.

  2. Could Hybrid Vehicles Hinder Development of More Sustainable Alternatives? : Gas 2.0 Says:

    [...] « The World’s Most Fuel Efficient Car: 285 MPG, Not A Hybrid [...]

  3. Ross Says:

    This isn’t some kind of secret car. I’ve known about it and its mpg since it was created.

    The real question is why isn’t it being produced?

  4. Indigoed » Not The Answer To Global Warming, But makes you think Says:

    [...] [Via Gas2org.com] [...]

  5. Sandy Says:

    1 liter per 100 km is 235 mpg, not 285 mpg.

  6. shab Says:

    Think of what would happend if you get in an accendent in one.

  7. Barry Johnson Says:

    The article said that VW started from scratch. However, they didn’t re-design the engine. Which is what needs to be done to improve efficiency. Their approach is more to do with weight and aerodynamics. It doesn’t really address the real world issue. There is a company in France called MDI who prodced and now sell (through Indian company TATA motors) a car that works on compressed air. This car if combined with another fuel could take it over 3000 miles on a tank of fuel. There is also another company who using the same concept of compressed air, re-designed the piston engine and produced something that is incredibly efficient. See here http://www.engineair.com.au/index.htm.

  8. matthew erickson Says:

    I also think we should have more programs that encourage people to use energy efficient vehicles. In Texas, Hybrids, with just the driver may be used in the HOV lane (High occupancy vehicles)

    Matt Erickson
    http://www.thanksforspeeding.com

  9. spuffler Says:

    Clayton B. Cornell:
    Imagine a 640 pound car colliding with a 3200 pound Ford Contour. or a 32000 pound tractor trailer. We cannot select our collisions. All cars have to be able to slam into all other cars.

  10. Frank Says:

    I wonder what was the speed during testing? If it was a closed track tested at 35mph, that was done in the 1973 with a car by Shell Oil that tested at 376 mpg, but it was not practical. Diesels are great at long, steady speeds, and they idle with almost no fuel consumption. Now think of a small diesel generator powering a plug in hybrid.

  11. Steve Says:

    It’s a stunt. It’s not in production because damn few people would pay a luxury-car price for what amounts to an enclosed motorcycle.

  12. sleekness Says:

    awesome streamlined shape probably reduces air resistance yet also improves the look of the car
    how much does it cost though?

  13. david Says:

    Why dont they make it a hybrid wouldnt it be even bettter?

  14. MattK Says:

    Nice to see an economical car that isn’t ugly. All right, it isn’t exactly a Tesla Roadster but it isn’t a Honda Insight either. I wonder if Volkswagen has what it takes to produce this car?

  15. jordan Says:

    This car would solve all of the worlds problems. What Are we waiting for? wake up US Government. The answer for this nations problems is right in front of your noses. Do big oil companies have that much influence in the country and around the globe.

  16. Julien Says:

    The article said that VW started from scratch. However, they didn’t re-design the aerodynamics, in fact, this car looks like the prototypes from the SHELL ECO MARATHON which are mini-cars that car run ~3000km for 1 liter of carburant.

  17. going lower. . .inserts. . . - PriusChat Forums Says:

    [...] Re: going lower. . .inserts. . . some other interesting articles about frontal area: Ground Effects and Aerodynamics – ThirdGen.org AutoZine Technical School – Aerodynamics The World’s Most Fuel Efficient Car: 285 MPG, Not A Hybrid : Gas 2.0 [...]

  18. Dale Kaup Says:

    I wonder if someday someone will take all the glass out of a car and instead use multiple cameras and displays inside to save weight and improve aerodynamics.

    Just think, no more hot sun on us as we drive (no more choosing the route just so it keeps the sun out of your sleeping kids face), pick your nose on your commute to your hearts content, no more wipers, no more cracked glass. NO MORE PEOPLE EJECTED THROUGH THE WINDOWS IN CRASHES. The cameras could give a multitude of views including a roof mounted camera to see over and beyond the cars immediately ahead.

  19. VW Confirms 1L Concept Will Become Reality in 2010 : Gas 2.0 Says:

    [...] been talk about the VW 1L concept for years. Since VW built the original, fuel economy, safety, price, and release date has been [...]

  20. Peter Briggs Says:

    There is no single solution to global warming, only many hurdles. One at a time they can be overcome. This 235 mpg car is way over the top of anything we have on the road right now. Companies NEED to be selling these cars so we can actually use them instead of just reading about them! I apologize if I seem a little excited, but I am. Why didn,t they do this 20 years ago instead of wasting all that time and money on solar concepts.
    Finally, the Toyota Prius was laughed at when it first came out but now there everywhere. So now I say,”Yes, I can ask for anything more, where is my Volks Wagon ?”.

  21. Amy Says:

    Very cool looking car but definitely not for families.

  22. Bill Wangard, Ph.D. Says:

    FYI,

    100 km / liter = 235 miles/gallon. Not 285!

    Check your arithmetic next time!!!!

  23. Dave S. Says:

    “This 235 mpg car is way over the top of anything we have on the road right now. Companies NEED to be selling these cars so we can actually use them instead of just reading about them! I apologize if I seem a little excited, but I am. Why didn,t they do this 20 years ago instead of wasting all that time and money on solar concepts.”

    Slow down there, son.

    How much will it cost? Carbon fiber, titanium and magnesium are hella costly.

    What is the performance? Top speed? 0-60?

    Can it be driven in the snow?

    If it’s practical, it will sell. If it’s not, it won’t. There’s no conspiracy. Just market forces.

    And there’s no magic, either.

  24. DD Says:

    @Bill Wangard and other Americans: FYI, Germany is in Europe. Europe doesn’t use American Gallons. 1L/100km = 282mpg Imperial.

  25. PJ Murt Says:

    What an absolutely wonderful invention. It’s better than having to buy motorcycle for fuel economy. It appears it could be used all year round. If people are worried about being in an accident, why don’t we make this little car mandatory for anyone traveling solo or with only 1 passenger. Give them their own lane on the freeway and in time get rid of the big gas hogs. I would think with a little more research they could come up with a family car that got 180 mpg. I’ll buy one if the price is right.

  26. Dave S. Says:

    “It appears it could be used all year round.”

    It appears to have zero ground clearance. It appears three inches of snow will stop it.

    Kindly do not “mandate” that I buy this, and I promise I won’t mandate that YOU buy something that ill suits you. Thank you.

  27. Derek Says:

    Another great thing about this is that it is diesel and you can run it on vegetable oil.

  28. Petro.tony Says:

    What was the driver’s weight during the 282MPG or 100Kilometers test run?

  29. Wil Says:

    To you yank morons who are complaining about the car “being 235 mpg not 285 mpg”, an IMPERIAL gallon is larger than a US gallon, so both calculations are correct!

  30. Michael Owen Says:

    If this car is available I want one. If this care isn’t commercially available, why not?

  31. vulcan alex Says:

    I like it, but as with most of its kind it cost a lot and would not be acceptable for folks with kids. Me I drive to work and at most have one passenger so I could go this way with ease!!!

  32. cecil starnes Says:

    HI,I wood like to by one and sone.If you put the car at a low price like the vw came in the US,i belive you could clame the car market,the car would seal verry well.3000 miles on a tank of fuel. just thank if the car engine was diesel.

  33. Paul Bulzomi Says:

    The Scuderi Split cycle air hybrid concepts looks very promising, several of the major OEM’S have signed non-disclosures, many others have been keeping close progress of the testing results. A running prototype should be completed by Nov./Dec. 2008

  34. ed Says:

    where can i buy one?

  35. Chris Says:

    It sounds like a very amazing car but if it only carries one liter it would get around 62 miles on a tank. in order to get 235 miles to a gallon you would stop at a gas station about 4 times. Very time consuming. Plus it used diesel which is arguably more expensive. Its also completely carbon fiber and one seated. Meaning bad safety and little room.

  36. !!!!!!! Says:

    I WANT THIS.

    A one seater, but perfect for people going to work. Wonder how safe it is in a 70mp/h crash though.

  37. matt d crawfish Says:

    285 mpg WOW

  38. louie Says:

    I read on another website, can’t remember that the price is less than 8k usd, ? i wonder if they will stay at this price? aptera was thinking a while back that there cars would run at 18k now it’s just below 30k.
    what vw needs to keep in mind is the target audience wants an affordable car with good gas mileage. anything above 10k and they will have to understand that the public will probably be seriously pressed to look at over vehicles despite the mpg.
    For 8k I would buy, anything above most likely not.
    hats off to volkswagon.

  39. cymbol Says:

    “To you yank morons who are complaining about the car “being 235 mpg not 285 mpg”, an IMPERIAL gallon is larger than a US gallon, so both calculations are correct!”

    To all you idiots who can’t do calculations, even with an imperial gallon it is only 282.5 miles per gallon. Do the gas stations in commonwealth countries even pump gas in gallons anymore?

    Shut your face.

  40. cymbol Says:

    and if you’d bothered to check the backgrounds of the writers

    “Corvallis, Oregon”,
    “Dartmouth College”,
    “Illinois”, and
    “San Francisco, CA”

    are not locations where the imperial gallon would be used.

  41. Chuck Graham Says:

    Would this be a direct drive vehicle? What kind of pressure and where would one obtain it for practical usage?Thanks

    Chuck

  42. Rey Martinez Says:

    Is the VW 1L going to be offered in the U. S. ?
    If so, any idea when? If it is not for sale in the U. S. Then we will build our own version. I ‘m ready to buy it, If I fit in it. I am 6′o” and 200lbs.

  43. Thomas Says:

    Cut the bullshit, whats the price and is it comming out? Or is this another bullshit concept car? How does it compete vs Aptera, tesla, and other alternative cars?

  44. MICHAEL TAMMARO Says:

    WELL, IT IS A BLESSING IN DISGUISE I GUESS THAT THE DIRTY AND FILTHY ARABS WHO ARE MORE WEALTHY THAN MOST OF US IMAGINE TO BE, AND THEY STILL APPARENTLY DON’T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY BECAUSE THEY’RE SO GREEDY FOR THEM TO PUT US IN THIS POSITION TO ‘READJUST’ OURSELVES AND CREATE WAYS TO ELIMINATE OIL FROM OUR LIVES. OBVIOUSLY THEY ARE FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO BE SITTING ON MASSIVE QUANTITIES OF OIL SINCE THEY’RE APPARENTLY NOT THAT BRIGHT AS A PEOPLE TO CONCEIVE OR CREATE SOMETHING FOR THE PROGRESSION OF MANKIND AS A WHOLE AND MAKE THEIR FORTUNES FROM WHATEVER THAT ENDEAVOR MIGHT BE. THEY REMIND ME OF TURDS OF HUMAN WASTE WRAPPED IN THE FINEST SILKS.

  45. alala lala Says:

    how much is this car?
    Is it approved to drive in the US?
    and where can I buy one????????

  46. Ryan Says:

    I am so waiting for cars like these to hit the road. I am also waiting for the day when city-only cars will be the norm. When the top speed of cars for the city will only be 10 mph above the speed limit will we get rid of the speed demons and the aggressive zig-zaggers. But alas, electric cars are coming and pound for pound they are just as fast as the cars we have today.

  47. alan Says:

    The European gallon is different than the US gallon. There are 4.5 liters to the European gallon vs 3.8 liters to the US gallon. That explains the higher MPG.

  48. Ken Says:

    Barry, the article says “They knew that fuel efficiency depends on aerodynamics and weight, so they created a bullet-shaped, ultra-lightweight (640 lbs) carbon-fiber car powered by a new, completely redesigned diesel engine.”

  49. jose ramirez Says:

    what a car huh. i already have one.
    nah, just kidding, i wish!!!!!!!!!

  50. Seb Says:

    I hope the engineers who built this use their knowledge to improve the fuel efficiency of all current VW production cars

  51. Suninder Says:

    What’s the top speed of this car and how many secs it takes to reach 100km/h if it does go that far?

  52. Brey Says:

    Will the U.S.A. be able to buy these cars any time soon? How much will they be and are there 2 seaters?

  53. c0nd3mn3d Says:

    “…could they build a car that consumes less than 3 liters of fuel for every 100 km traveled?”

    sorry i don’t have time to read through 55 comments; perhapsmy comment is a duplication. but…

    other sites are saying 235 mpg as well, consistent with 62*3.785~235. the quote is to illustrate that, as reported even by this very article, the goal was not 100km/l… (clayton! you said so yourself!)

    235mpg (100km/l) appears to be what was achieved…

    of course, i am very late to the game here and perhaps nobody will read this ever again :) …including me!

  54. Beast Says:

    That is very incredible. I wish that I would have the opportunity to drive that fuel efficient car.

  55. Nick Says:

    There are a lot of issues with these kinds of cars. It is easy to point out all the flaws, but the it that lightweight car can get almost 300 mpg, then normal cars should be getting at lest 70-100.

    Everyone talks about the “real world” and that the car wouldn’t fare in a crash. In the real world most people don’t need to be driving SUVs. Not too mention that it is the design of the car, and not just how big and heavy it is that determines the damage in a wreck.

  56. Houston Web Design Says:

    Engines can be much more efficent if tweaked. I used to have a 93 honda del sol 1.6L non VTEC. By removing the Power steering belt, and replacing the cat with a straght pipe. I was able to get 40MPG with the AC running, a full trunk, and passenger, while doing 80 MPH on a road trip. Car companies could easily make cars like this, but the management doesn’t believe that they will actually sell.

  57. George L.Smith Says:

    Why aren’t these cars being mass produced and sold all over the world? It would not hurt my feelings if the oil companies and big 3 went smooth out of business

  58. Edward Brown Says:

    This looks a lot like an updated / modern version of the 1950s Messerschmidt car. See:

    http://farm1.static.flickr.com/220/501738415_ff9efec7e1.jpg

    for an interesting comparison.

  59. Jim Mosher Says:

    Hi All,

    Some comments have shown concern for vehicle safety, and their well being when driving a small car such as the VW 1L. Several years ago here in Wisconsin, a SUV driver was killed by a small 400lb. motorcycle. How did it happen?

    The motorcycle lost control in a turn right in front of an SUV coming from the opposite direction. When the motorcycle crashed, it did a classic “high side” and popped back up in the air, going right through the windshield of the SUV, and killing the driver.

    It just goes to show, when it’s your turn to go, you go, so I really don’t worry about the safety of a small vehicle much. Besides, an SUV is small compared to a Semi!!

    So let’s save gas and the planet!!

    Just my $.02.

  60. Tucker Says:

    Aptera gets 300 mpg, and a hydrogen fuel cell gets over 10,000 mpg (equvilant), both of these beat this things fuel economy. But 285 mpg normal engine is pretty impressive, I must admit.

  61. Enclosed Auto Transport Says:

    I would not even care if it looked like a space ship anymore. I would drive anything if it got me 280mpg.

  62. Mike Says:

    Fuel efficient, stylish, and instant death if you crash. So I wouldn’t even think of buying one.

  63. bahs Says:

    hey shab in my opinion you would roll over a couple hundred times then you would puke and lastly the people that hit you go off into the sunset without getticaught while your ride is wrecked! Good day!

  64. bahs Says:

    mike,mike,mike. what should i tell you. i completly agree with you! good job!

  65. Lord Byron Says:

    to all the haters… an accident on a motorcycle or scooter, how is that different than a small car? Being held in place by the restraints, or thrown into a lorry?

  66. Mike Says:

    Recognize any of the aerodynamic design features of this car?

    Closed lamps. Small frontal area. Blending of cabin into the rear. Flat rear panel. And the Cabin buttress extending to the rear panel to help with boundary adhesion at the rear. Wide in the front, narrow in the rear.

    Where have I seen this before? Hmmm.

    Oh, I remember, the Citroen DS & SM. So at least we know where their aero features came from; 35 year-old aero research.

    With credit to VW; add modern materials and other improvements and now we have this result. I suspect that carbon fiber monocoque is pretty strong.

  67. Mike Says:

    With respect to crash worthiness: the carbon fiber tub is likely to be as strong as those used in racing vehicles. I have seen numerous crashes where the tub was all that remained with energy being dissipated by the components that shear off.

    If the design is proper the car will be unrepairable, shedding bits outside the tub to dissipate energy. It is very likely that it would function like the safety pod is an F1 car, hydroplane, or other carbon monocoque designs.

  68. Ken Capulli Says:

    Very cool, however, until they can design a vehicle that fits a couple of kids, a Golden Retriever, and a weeks worth of groceries, these type of cars will be only for the neighborhood eccentric!

  69. rudy Says:

    this is a cool car if everyone had this car it would help the earth 120 percent yay i wish i had this car

  70. rudy Says:

    I AM SO SEXY BECUZ I HAVE THIS CAR NOW SO I AM WAY COOLER THAN ANYONE ELSE THEY ARE VERY SMALL THOUGH SO IT SUCKS I WANT ONE THAT CAN CARRY 2 BORDER COLLIES

  71. Racedemon Says:

    id love one of these, BUT i reckon you could still improve it what size engine is it?, and how much power do those video screens need off the alternator?, a 150cc v-twin (300cc v4?) diesel would be good with a cvt transmision.
    i think a hybrid version would be good, regenerative braking when going down hills and then using the motor on half the time…good milage, cover it in solar panels and omg its expensive but…you know:)

  72. Victor Sindoni Says:

    It sounds to good to be true, I dont think it will ever be mass produced, Know why? Big oil will not permit it , Money talks in this world….

  73. Victor Sindoni Says:

    I dont think these type of autos will ever be mass produced, Big oil will never allow it to happen.
    Money talks in this world, Big oil have deep pockets.

  74. Tropicalbob Says:

    You ever notice how great concept cars never hit the road for production?

  75. EugeneB Says:

    Great concept. Just as with any engineering effort, there are many trade-offs, especially for something highly optimized for a narrow application.

    For most users, fuel economy is not the primary priority. Seating capacity, cargo capacity, cost, and safety would be higher priorities for most people. I would certainly sacrifice substantial efficiency to keep my kids safe.

    I wonder if they could do a “sandwich” crash test for these cars? How about a T-bone crash at 50 mph/80 kph? With so many light weight cars popping up, a strong side wind on icy roads would also be an interesting test.

  76. bob Says:

    if you replaced the cylinders in a car with magnets one with constant polarity and one with a changing polarity(dedicated chip) and with a dedicated Generator for ea magnet or set of magnets would produce enough force for attraction and repulsion.Unlike a gas which only uses the explosion for force.Two way force i call it.This way more than one cylinder can be attracting or repulsing at the same time!The engine does not have to be metal and there is no need for a cooling system,So no radiator as well.The weight cut is tremendous.I cant see why this would not work!!Bob Conner

  77. Boghos L. Artinian MD Says:

    Any given car will get its highest possible fuel efficiency by driving it at around 85 Km/hour without ever braking. Driven in such a manner,It will even beat the best hybrid in its class. So we need only capture the energy lost in braking with a generator-motor and a device more efficient and lighter than a bulky battery- a capacitor that will re-accelerate it to cruising speed after each braking. We need not store energy as much as a battery does with just 30% efficiency.

  78. Tightwad Says:

    If you die in it, they can just bury the whole thing, saving the need for a casket.

  79. Mark Roth Says:

    Give me the ‘64 Beetle in the current ads with a redesigned 1200 cc engine, including electric fans over the jugs, electronic ignition and fuel injection. My guess is 60 mpg would be easy to obtain. If I recall, the last Bugs from Mexico were less than $10k. Sign me up for two. My last ‘64 ran over 250,000 miles. That’s what the people REALLY want.

  80. Bob Says:

    I e-mailed VW and told them I would buy 10 if they imported it to the US for the price quote for China which was equivalent to $600 dollars. As for safety; I would say it would be a lot safer than a motorcycle, as you are enclosed in a cabin and have restraint. If a train or 18 wheeler hits you in a Hummer, you are probably just as dead as in one of these little cars.

  81. Marco Says:

    Sandy- I believe they were referring to British miles, not American

  82. Tyler Says:

    Ok I’m a high school student that is researching this car but there are still some things that i still want to know. What is the estimated price? How safe is it? When in 2010 will it be available?

  83. mel duplantis Says:

    Let me know when this 285 mpg car is available and I will buy one or two.

  84. Mike Roessler Says:

    Think about how uncomfortable it would be to drive one of these. There is no room to move. It is so small that I bet if a Semi drove past it it would probably fly off the road. I wouldn’t mind the gas milage, but wouldn’t feel comfortable driving it.

  85. jo Says:

    this car sucks!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  86. Jordan Cherrington Says:

    This is sweet! They need to do a real world fuel mileage test on FuelMileage.com so it will be at the top of the list.

  87. Rachel Says:

    how fast does it go?

  88. gabrielle Says:

    man in i were in one of those on the highway i would be nerves… what if we crash and what chance do -all 2 of us- have to survive???? (a pretty dang slim chance)

  89. vin Says:

    does it have 2 be this ugly?

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